Rail is a vital infrastructure in railway transportation, with a variety of significant characteristics and advantages. First of all, the rail is made of high-strength steel, which has excellent load carrying capacity and can withstand the operation and impact of heavy trains. Secondly, the surface is specially treated to show good wear resistance, which can effectively resist the friction between the wheel and rail and extend the service life. In addition, the rail maintains good geometric stability under temperature changes and environmental influences, reducing the risk of deformation and damage.